Glossary-- Exhaustive, of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism Glossary Prepared initially by Robert A. Kraft, University of Pennsylvania, and intended to be used freely in the public domain in this and any updated versions (based partly on materials from introductory textbooks by Phillip Sigal, Jacob Neusner, Michael Fishbane, Sandra Frankiel, R. Dean Peterson, Frederick Denny, Kenneth Cragg, F. E. Peters; see also Cyril Glasse/, The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam [Harper, 1989]). Click Here to View Information on the Coding for this Glossary Click on the First Letter of the Word or Phrase A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z A ab `Abba^sid Abbot `abd abelut Abraham absolution abu^ AD Adam (and Eve) adha^n adoptionism. agape aggada(h) agnostic AH ahl Akiba `Alawi^s aliy(y)a(h) `Ali Alla^h allegory altar am haaretz amida(h) amora amphictyony Anabaptists anathema anchorite angel Anglicans aniconic ans.a^r anthropomorphism. antichrist antinomian antisemitism apocalypse Apocrypha apology apostle Apostles' Creed apostolic succession aqedah Aqiba Aristotle, Aristotleianism Arius, Arianism arka^n Arminius, Arminianism `as.abi^yya ascetic Ashkenazi(m) assassins assimilation assumption (of Mary) Athanasius Atheism Augustine authority Av (or Ab) Ayotallah B Ba'al Shem Tov baptism bar (bat) mitzvah baraka(h) Basmala or Bismillah bat bavli BCE or bce Bakr belief ben berak(h)ah berit or brit bet/beit midrash Bible bid`a bimah bint birkat haminim bishop Bismillah blasphemy born again brit (or berit) milah bull Byzantium C calendar caliph calligraphy Calvin, Calvinist, Calvinism canon, canonical scripture cantor cardinal catechism catechumen catholic, catholicism CE or ce celibacy chiliastic Christ Christian(ity) Christendom Christmas christology chuppah church circumcision classical Judaism, Christianity, Islam clergy cohen commandments communion confirmation Congregationalism consecrate conservative Conservative Judaism Constantine Constantinople consubstantiation conversion, convert conviction covenant creed(s) crucifix, crucifixion crusades cult D Da^r al-Isla^m David da`wa deacon Dead Sea Scrolls decalogue deify deity demiurge denomination dhikr dhimmi^ diaspora dietary laws di^n dispensationalism doctrine dogma Druzes du`a^' dualist(ic) E Early Judaism Easter Ebionites, Ebionism ecclesiastical eclectic ecumenical ecumenism Eden ein sof elder elect election elevation of the host Elohim, El emuna(h) episkopos/episcopos eretz Yisrael/Israel eschatology essence Essenes ethics etiology etrog eucharist evangelical, evangelizing, evangelistic ex cathedra excommunication exilarch exile existentialism Exodus Ezra F faith faqi^r (Arabic, "poor person") fast, fasting Fa^tih.a(h) Fa^tima fatwa fiqh fitnah fit.ra Friars fundamentalism G Gabriel galut Gaon Geiger, Abraham gemara gematria genizah gentile(s) geonic gittin gnostic, Gnosticism God gospel grace great schism H habdalah Hadassah h.adi^th haftara(h)/haftorah haggada(h) H.ajj hakam halaka(h)/halakha halitzah h.ani^f Hanukka(h) hasidim, hasidism haskalah Hasmoneans Hassan or Hasan hazzan heaven Hebrew hegira(h) hell hellenism heresy heretic, heretical hermeneutics Herzl, Theodor heterodox Hejaz Hijra(h) hikma(h) Hillel Hira holocaust holy spirit holy water homoiousios and homoousios host humanism huppah or chuppah Husayn hymn I `Iba^da Ibli^s ibn icon iconoclastic `id idolatry ih.ra^m ijma^` ijtiha^d ima^m i^ma^n imitatio Christi immaculate conception incarnation indulgence initiation inquisition intertestamental period Isaac Isla^m isna^d Israel Istanbul J Jacob ja^hili^ya Jerusalem Jehovah Jesuit(s) Jesus/Joshua Jew jiha^d jizyah Josephus or Flavius Josephus Judah the Prince Judaism, Jew judgment, final John justification K Ka`ba Kabala(h) or Kabbala(h) kaddish ka^fir kahal (qahal) kala^m kalima Karaism, Karaites Karbala^' kasher, kashrut kavanah kehilla(h) keneset Israel kerygma ketuva(h) or ketuba(h) Ketuvim or Ketubim Khadi^ja Kha^rijites Khawa^rij khila^fah or khalifa kiai kibbutz kiddush kiddushin kiphah Kingdom of *God kohen or cohen Koran kosher L law leaven lent levirite marriage liberal literalist liturgy logos Lord's Prayer love feast lulab Luther M maariv Maccabee(s) maggid magen David Mahdi mah.ram Maimonides, or Moses ben Maimon mainstream Mani, Manicheism Marcion(ites) Marranos martyr masjid maskilim Masoretes, Masoretic text mass materialism matzah mawlid or maulid Mecca Medina megillah megilloth melakah Mendelssohn, Moses (1729-86) mendicant menorah merkabah messiah mezuzah midrash mih.ra^b mikveh or mikvah milhemet mitzvah millenarian millah min minaret minbar mincha(h) minyan miqvah or mikveh miracle Mishnah mitnaged mitzvah modernism monarchianism monastery monasticism monk monolithic monophysite monotheism montanism morals mortal sin Moses mosque mu'adhdhin mufti muha^jiru^n Muh.ammad Muhammadiyah mujtahid Muslim Mutazila(h) mystery *religions mystic, mysticism N nabi or navi nasi nebiim neo-orthodoxy neo-Platonism New Testament Nicea nihilism nomos NT nun O observance, observant Old Testament omer oral law orders ordination Orientalism original *sin orthodox orthopraxy OT Ottomans P pacifism pagan Palestine papal paradise parasha(h) pareve, parve parousia passion Passover Paul patriarchs patristic penance penitent Pentateuch Pentecost Perushim Pesach Pharisees Philo Judeus phylacteries piety pilgrimage pillars of Islam pilpul Pittsburg Platform piyyutim Plato platonism pluralism pogrom pondok pesantren pope prayer predestination presbyter priest priesthood of believers primacy prophet protestant proto-Judaism proto-rabbis pseudepigrapha purgatory Purim puritan Q qabbala qadar qadi qaraite qiblah qiya^s Quakerism Qumran or Khirbet Qumran Qur'a^n Quraysh R Rabb rabbi Radical Reformation Ramad.a^n RaSHI rasu^l rationalism ra'y rebbe Rechabites Reconstructionist Judaism redactor redemption Reform Judaism reformation relativism relics religion renaissance repentance responsa resurrection revelation revivals romanticism Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hodesh S Sabbath Sabbatianism sacrament sacrifice sacrilege s.adaqa^t Sadducees Safavid sage saint saki^na S.ala^t salvation Samaritans Sanhedrin Satan S.awm or saum sayyid schism schismatic scholasticism scriptures sect secular seder See semikah Sephardim sephira(h) or sefira Septuagint Seveners or Ismailis shabbat Shabbatai Zvi Shaha^da Shammai Shari^`a(h) Shavuot/Shabuot shaykh Shekinah Shema Shemini Atzeret shemoneh esreh sheol Shi^`a shirk shiva shloshim shofar Shulhan Aruch siddur Simhat Torah simony sin sira social *gospel sola fidei, sola scriptura sopher or sofer stigmata stoicism subjectivism S.u^fi^ Sukkot Sunna(h) Sunni^s su^ra synagogue syncretism synod synoptic *gospels T Tabernacles, Festival/Feast of tafsi^r tallit Talmud TaNaK tanna taqli^d Targum T.ari^qa tawh.i^d ta`zi^ya tefillin temple testament testimony tetragrammaton theism theocracy theology thirteen principles tila^wa tithe tongues Torah, torah Tosefta tradition(al) transubstantiation trinity truth twelvers typology tzaddik tzedakah U `ulama^' `Umar (or Omar) Umma(h) Umayyad `umra unitarianism universalism unleavened usury `Uthma^n (or Othman) V veneration verbal inspiration vicar vicar of Christ virgin Mary visionary vulgate W Wahha^bis wah.y wali^ Y yarmulke yawm al-di^n yeshivah yetzer YHWH (Yahweh) Yiddish yigdol/yigdal Yom Kippur Z zadakat zaddik zaidis zaka^t zealot zedakah Zion, Zionism zizit Zohar z.ulm   BACK TO GLOSSARY OF THE BOOK BACK TO ENTRY PAGE OF 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