Glossary--
Exhaustive, of Islam, Christianity, and JudaismGlossary Prepared initially by Robert A. Kraft, University of Pennsylvania, and intended to be used freely in the public domain in this and any updated versions (based partly on materials from introductory textbooks by Phillip Sigal, Jacob Neusner, Michael Fishbane, Sandra Frankiel, R. Dean Peterson, Frederick Denny, Kenneth Cragg, F. E. Peters; see also Cyril Glasse/, <t>The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam</> [Harper, 1989]). Corrections, additions, and suggestions will be gratefully accepted: kraft@ccat.sas.upenn.edu.
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
A
ab
`Abba^sid
Abbot
`abd
abelut
Abraham
absolution
abu^
AD
Adam (and Eve)
adha^n
adoptionism.
agape
aggada(h)
agnostic
AH
ahl
Akiba
`Alawi^s
aliy(y)a(h)
`Ali
Alla^h
allegory
altar
am haaretz
amida(h)
amora
amphictyony
Anabaptists
anathema
anchorite
angel
Anglicans
aniconic
ans.a^r
anthropomorphism.
antichrist
antinomian
antisemitism
apocalypse
Apocrypha
apology
apostle
Apostles' Creed
apostolic succession
aqedah
Aqiba
Aristotle, Aristotleianism
Arius, Arianism
arka^n
Arminius, Arminianism
`as.abi^yya
ascetic
Ashkenazi(m)
assassins
assimilation
assumption (of Mary)
Athanasius
Atheism
Augustine
authority
Av (or Ab)
Ayotallah
B
Ba'al Shem Tov
baptism
bar (bat) mitzvah
baraka(h)
Basmala or Bismillah
bat
bavli
BCE or bce
Bakr
belief
ben
berak(h)ah
berit or brit
bet/beit midrash
Bible
bid`a
bimah
bint
birkat haminim
bishop
Bismillah
blasphemy
born again
brit (or berit) milah
bull
Byzantium
C
calendar
caliph
calligraphy
Calvin, Calvinist, Calvinism
canon, canonical scripture
cantor
cardinal
catechism
catechumen
catholic, catholicism
CE or ce
celibacy
chiliastic
Christ
Christian(ity)
Christendom
Christmas
christology
chuppah
church
circumcision
classical Judaism, Christianity, Islam
clergy
cohen
commandments
communion
confirmation
Congregationalism
consecrate
conservative
Conservative Judaism
Constantine
Constantinople
consubstantiation
conversion, convert
conviction
covenant
creed(s)
crucifix, crucifixion
crusades
cult
D
Da^r al-Isla^m
David
da`wa
deacon
Dead Sea Scrolls
decalogue
deify
deity
demiurge
denomination
dhikr
dhimmi^
diaspora
dietary laws
di^n
dispensationalism
doctrine
dogma
Druzes
du`a^'
dualist(ic)
E
early Judaism
Easter
Ebionites, Ebionism
ecclesiastical
eclectic
ecumenical
ecumenism
Eden
ein sof
elder
elect
election
elevation of the host
Elohim, El
emuna(h)
episkopos/episcopos
eretz Yisrael/Israel
eschatology
essence
Essenes
ethics
etiology
etrog
eucharist
evangelical, evangelizing, evangelistic
ex cathedra
excommunication
exilarch
exile
existentialism
Exodus
Ezra
F
faith
faqi^r (Arabic, "poor person")
fast, fasting
Fa^tih.a(h)
Fa^tima
fatwa
fiqh
fitnah
fit.ra
Friars
fundamentalism
G
Gabriel
galut
Gaon
Geiger, Abraham
gemara
gematria
genizah
gentile(s)
geonic
gittin
gnostic, Gnosticism
God
gospel
grace
great schism
H
habdalah
Hadassah
h.adi^th
haftara(h)/haftorah
haggada(h)
H.ajj
hakam
halaka(h)/halakha
halitzah
h.ani^f
Hanukka(h)
hasidim, hasidism
haskalah
Hasmoneans
Hassan or Hasan
hazzan
heaven
Hebrew
hegira(h)
hell
hellenism
heresy
heretic, heretical
hermeneutics
Herzl, Theodor
heterodox
Hejaz
Hijra(h)
hikma(h)
Hillel
Hira
holocaust
holy spirit
holy water
homoiousios and homoousios
host
humanism
huppah or chuppah
Husayn
hymn
I
`Iba^da
Ibli^s
ibn
icon
iconoclastic
`id
idolatry
ih.ra^m
ijma^`
ijtiha^d
ima^m
i^ma^n
imitatio Christi
immaculate conception
incarnation
indulgence
initiation
inquisition
intertestamental period
Isaac
Isla^m
isna^d
Israel
Istanbul
J
Jacob
ja^hili^ya
Jerusalem
Jehovah
Jesuit(s)
Jesus/Joshua
Jew
jiha^d
jizyah
Josephus or Flavius Josephus
Judah the Prince
Judaism, Jew
judgment, final
John
justification
K
Ka`ba
Kabala(h) or Kabbala(h)
kaddish
ka^fir
kahal (qahal)
kala^m
kalima
Karaism, Karaites
Karbala^'
kasher, kashrut
kavanah
kehilla(h)
keneset Israel
kerygma
ketuva(h) or ketuba(h)
Ketuvim or Ketubim
Khadi^ja
Kha^rijites
Khawa^rij
khila^fah or khalifa
kiai
kibbutz
kiddush
kiddushin
kiphah
Kingdom of *God
kohen or cohen
Koran
kosher
L
law
leaven
lent
levirite marriage
liberal
literalist
liturgy
logos
Lord's Prayer
love feast
lulab
Luther
M
maariv
Maccabee(s)
maggid
magen David
Mahdi
mah.ram
Maimonides, or Moses ben Maimon
mainstream
Mani, Manicheism
Marcion(ites)
Marranos
martyr
masjid
maskilim
Masoretes, Masoretic text
mass
materialism
matzah
mawlid or maulid
Mecca
Medina
megillah
megilloth
melakah
Mendelssohn, Moses (1729-86)
mendicant
menorah
merkabah
messiah
mezuzah
midrash
mih.ra^b
mikveh or mikvah
milhemet mitzvah
millenarian
millah
min
minaret
minbar
mincha(h)
minyan
miqvah or mikveh
miracle
Mishnah
mitnaged
mitzvah
modernism
monarchianism
monastery
monasticism
monk
monolithic
monophysite
monotheism
montanism
morals
mortal sin
Moses
mosque
mu'adhdhin
mufti
muha^jiru^n
Muh.ammad
Muhammadiyah
mujtahid
Muslim
Mutazila(h)
mystery *religions
mystic, mysticism
N
nabi or navi
nasi
nebiim
neo-orthodoxy
neo-Platonism
New Testament
Nicea
nihilism
nomos
NT
nun
O
observance, observant
Old Testament
omer
oral law
orders
ordination
Orientalism
original *sin
orthodox
orthopraxy
OT
Ottomans
P
pacifism
pagan
Palestine
papal
paradise
parasha(h)
pareve, parve
parousia
passion
Passover
Paul
patriarchs
patristic
penance
penitent
Pentateuch
Pentecost
Perushim
Pesach
Pharisees
Philo Judeus
phylacteries
piety
pilgrimage
pillars of Islam
pilpul
Pittsburg Platform
piyyutim
Plato
platonism
pluralism
pogrom
pondok pesantren
pope
prayer
predestination
presbyter
priest
priesthood of believers
primacy
prophet
protestant
proto-Judaism
proto-rabbis
pseudepigrapha
purgatory
Purim
puritan
Q
qabbala
qadar
qadi
qaraite
qiblah
qiya^s
Quakerism
Qumran or Khirbet Qumran
Qur'a^n
Quraysh
R
Rabb
rabbi
Radical Reformation
Ramad.a^n
RaSHI
rasu^l
rationalism
ra'y
rebbe
Rechabites
Reconstructionist Judaism
redactor
redemption
Reform Judaism
reformation
relativism
relics
religion
renaissance
repentance
responsa
resurrection
revelation
revivals
romanticism
Rosh Hashanah
Rosh Hodesh
S
Sabbath
Sabbatianism
sacrament
sacrifice
sacrilege
s.adaqa^t
Sadducees
Safavid
sage
saint
saki^na
S.ala^t
salvation
Samaritans
Sanhedrin
Satan
S.awm or saum
sayyid
schism
schismatic
scholasticism
scriptures
sect
secular
seder
See
semikah
Sephardim
sephira(h) or sefira
Septuagint
Seveners or Ismailis
shabbat
Shabbatai Zvi
Shaha^da
Shammai
Shari^`a(h)
Shavuot/Shabuot
shaykh
Shekinah
Shema
Shemini Atzeret
shemoneh esreh
sheol
Shi^`a
shirk
shiva
shloshim
shofar
Shulhan Aruch
siddur
Simhat Torah
simony
sin
sira
social *gospel
sola fidei, sola scriptura
sopher or sofer
stigmata
stoicism
subjectivism
S.u^fi^
Sukkot
Sunna(h)
Sunni^s
su^ra
synagogue
syncretism
synod
synoptic *gospels
T
Tabernacles, Festival/Feast of
tafsi^r
tallit
Talmud
TaNaK
tanna
taqli^d
Targum
T.ari^qa
tawh.i^d
ta`zi^ya
tefillin
temple
testament
testimony
tetragrammaton
theism
theocracy
theology
thirteen principles
tila^wa
tithe
tongues
Torah, torah
Tosefta
tradition(al)
transubstantiation
trinity
truth
twelvers
typology
tzaddik
tzedakah
U
`ulama^'
`Umar (or Omar)
Umma(h)
Umayyad
`umra
unitarianism
universalism
unleavened
usury
`Uthma^n (or Othman)
V
veneration
verbal inspiration
vicar
vicar of Christ
virgin Mary
visionary
vulgate
W
Wahha^bis
wah.y
wali^
Y
yarmulke
yawm al-di^n
yeshivah
yetzer
YHWH (Yahweh)
Yiddish
yigdol/yigdal
Yom Kippur
Z
zadakat
zaddik
zaidis
zaka^t
zealot
zedakah
Zion, Zionism
zizit
Zohar
z.ulm